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Alverson, Dayton L. and others. A Global Assessment of Fisheries Bycatch and Discards. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1994.
Alverson, Dayton, L. Discarding: A Part of the Management Equation in Proceedings of the East Coast Bycatch Conference 1995. Narragansett, RI: University of Rhode Island Sea Grant, 1996.
Bailey, Kevin, Peter G. Williams, and David Itano. By-Catch and Discards in Western Pacific Tuna Fisheries: A Review of SPC Data Holdings and Literature. Noumea, New Caledonia: 1996.
Barlow, Jay et al. "A Review of Cetacean and Pinniped Mortality in Coastal Fisheries Along the West Coast of the USA and Canada and the East Coast of the Russian Federation". Report of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue 15, 1994.
Barlow, Jay et al. U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal Stock Assessment. La Jolla, California: NOAA, 1996.
Bonfil, Ramon. Overview of World Elasmobranch Fisheries. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1994.
Calilliet, G.M., D.B. Holts, and D. Bedford. A Review of the Commercial Fisheries for Sharks on the West Coast of the United States.
Castro, Kathleen et al (Eds.). Proceedings of the East Coast Bycatch Conference. Narragansett, RI: Rhode Island Sea Grant, 1996.
Cramer, Jean. "Recent Trends in the Catch of Undersized Swordfish by the U.S. Pelagic Longline Fishery" in Marine Fisheries Review. 58 (3), 1996
Hinman, Ken. Ocean Roulette: Conserving Swordfish, Sharks, and other Threatened Pelagic Fish in Longline-Infested Waters. Leesburg, VA: National Coalition for Marine Conservation, In Press.
Hoey, John J. Bycatch in Western Atlantic Pelagic Longline Fisheries in Solving Bycatch: Considerations for Today and Tomorrow. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program, 1996.
Julian, Fred and Marilyn Beeson. Estimates of Marine Mammal, Turtle, and Seabird Mortality for Two California Gillnet Fisheries: 1990-1995. In Press.
Mooney-Seus, Marjorie L. and Gregory S. Stone. The Forgotten Giants: Giant Ocean Fishes of the Atlantic and Pacific. Boston, MA: Ocean Wildlife Campaign, 1996.
Murawski, S.A. "Biological Implications of Bycatch" in Proceedings of the East Coast Bycatch Conference 1995. Rhode Island, 1995.
NOAA. Our Living Oceans. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1996.
NOAA. Draft Environmental Assessment and Regulatory Impact Review On Alternatives for Implementation of an Atlantic Offshore Cetacean take Reduction Plan. Washington, D.C.: National Marine Fisheries Service, 1997.
NOAA. Draft Amendment 1 to the Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Swordfish Including an Environmental Assessment and Regulatory Impact Review. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1997.
NOAA. Fisheries of the United States 1996. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1997.
NOAA. ICCAT Working Document National Report of the United States: 1997. Washington, D.C.: National Marine Fisheries Service, 1997.
NOAA. National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu Laboratory Program Review: September 17-18, 1996. Honolulu, HI: National Marine Fisheries Service, 1997.
NOAA. "Observed Catch Data for the Pacific Drift Gillnet Fishery: 1995 and 1996". Personal Communication.
Peel, Ellen M. No Place to Hide: Highly Migratory Fish in the Atlantic Ocean. Washington, D.C.: Center for Marine Conservation, 1995.
Schoning, Robert W. et al (Eds.). Proceedings of the National Industry Bycatch Workshop. Seattle, WA: Natural Resources Consultants, 1992.
South Pacific Commission, An Update of By-Catch Issues in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean Tuna Fisheries. Noumea, New Caledonia: South Pacific Commission, 1996.
Speer, Lisa et al, Hook, Line, and Sinking: The Crisis in Marine Fisheries. New York, NY: Natural Resources Defense Council, 1997.
University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program. Fisheries Bycatch: Consequences & Management. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program, 1996.
Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Pelagic Fishing Methods in the Pacific. Honolulu, HI: Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, 1995.
Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Proceedings of the 93rd Council Meeting. Not published, 1997.
Footnotes
1 Alverson, Dayton L., A Global Assessment of Fisheries Bycatch and Discards, (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, 1994), p. vii.
2 Murawski, S.A., Biological Implications of Bycatch in Proceedings of the East Coast Bycatch Conference 1995, (Narragansett, RI: University or Rhode Island Sea Grant, 1995) , p. 32.
3 NOAA, Draft Amendment 1 to the Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Swordfish Including an Environmental Assessment and Regulatory Impact Review, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1997), p. 36.
4 Murawski, p.32.
5 NOAA. Our Living Oceans, (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1996), p. 9.
6 Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Summary of Shark Incidental Catch and Disposition Based on Logbook Records, 2nd Quarter 1997. (Honolulu, HI: 1997).
7 National Coalition For Marine Conservation, Ocean Roulette: Conserving Swordfish, Sharks, and other Threatened Pelagic Fish in Longline-Infested Waters, (Leesburg, VA: National Coalition for Marine Conservation, In Press).
8 Bailey, Williams, and Itano, By-Catch and Discards in Western Pacific Tuna Fisheries: A Review of SPC Data Holdings and Literature, (Noumea, New Caledonia: South Pacific Commission), p. 5.7.
9 Murawski, pp.31-32.
10 International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, SCRS Blue and White Marlin Summary. 1997.
11 Marlin catch statistics from NOAA. ICCAT Working Document National Report of the United States: 1997, (Washington, D.C.: National Marine Fisheries Service, 1997), p. 15.
12 Ibid.
13 National Coalition for Marine Conservation, 1997.
14 American Sportfishing Association Gill Net Fact Sheet, 1997.
15 Marlin catch statistics from NOAA. ICCAT Working Document National Report of the United States: 1997, (Washington, D.C.: National Marine Fisheries Service, 1997), p. 15.
16 ICCAT Standing Committee on Research and Statistics, 1997.
17 ICCAT Report, 1997.
18 Ibid.
19 American Sportfishing Association Gill Net Fact Sheet, 1997.
20 Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, Shark Catch By Quarter, 1991-1997. (Honolulu, HI: 1997).
21 NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center Honolulu Laboratory Program Review (Honolulu, HI: National Marine Fisheries Service, 1996), p. c-1.
22 Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council. Summary of Shark Incidental Catch and Disposition Based on Logbook Records, 2nd Quarter 1997. (Honolulu, HI: 1997).
23 Ibid.
24 NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center Honolulu Laboratory Program Review (Honolulu, HI: National Marine Fisheries Service, 1996), p. c-1.
25 Personal Communications, United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service.
26 Ibid.
27 NOAA, Draft Environmental Assessment and Regulatory Impact Review, p. 41.
28 National Coalition For Marine Conservation, Ocean Roulette: Conserving Swordfish, Sharks, and other Threatened Pelagic Fish in Longline-Infested Waters, (Leesburg, VA: National Coalition for Marine Conservation, In Press).
29 Julian, Fred and Marilyn Beeson, Estimates of Marine Mammal, Turtle, and Seabird Mortality for Two California Gillnet Fisheries: 1990-1995, (In Press), Tables ,2a,3a.
30 American Sportfishing Association Gill Net Fact Sheet, 1997.
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid.
33 NOAA, Draft Environmental Assessment and Regulatory Impact Review, p. 79.
Our thanks to the Audubon Society
contact:
dwilmot@audubon.org
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